A cataract is any opacity in the normally clear crystalline lens of the eye.  A cataract can be small or focal and not interfere with vision, or it can progress and involve more of the lens resulting in troubled vision or blindness in the affected pet.  Advanced or complete cataracts may a...

Compared with ordinary hand-held examination equipment, video otoscopy offers superior optics, greater magnification, and provides greater detail for evaluating the condition of the ear including the external canal, tympanum, and bullae. Otitis Media is a Surgical Disease Otitis Media is present i...

There are several different medications available to treat pituitary dependent Cushing's syndrome in animals. Each medication has its own benefits and risks. Here we present some of those available options. This data is presented in a manner that can be used to explain therapeutic options to th...

There are many clinical signs associated with Cushing’s syndrome (also called hyperadrenocorticism) in dogs. These signs usually come on very gradually and, because of this slow onset, these changes are often written off as part of the normal aging process. The following is a list of comm...

When medicated shampoo therapy is prescribed for a pet, the instructions must be followed closely if the pet is to receive the full benefit of the treatment. Most shampoos and topical rinses are to be used as an adjunct to other forms of therapy. Shampoos are also often recommended as a maintenance...

Scabies (sarcoptic mange) is caused by the mite, Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis. Mites live in the superficial layers of the skin where they burrow, breed, and lay eggs. Once the adult female lays an egg, it takes 17 to 21 days for that egg to hatch and grow into an adult mite. Scabies mites do not su...

Pemphigus Foliaceus (PF) is a non-contagious disease that affects the skin of dogs, cats, horses, and people. PF is both a disease of the immune system and the skin. The problem begins when the animal’s body recognizes parts of its own skin as foreign. As a result of this abnormal immune respo...

Otitis Externa, a common clinical problem in dogs (less frequent in cats), is often a frustrating disease to cure or even control.   Primary and predisposing causes of Otitis Externa Parasites Allergy Contact irritant Keratinization disorders (epidermal maturation problems and Seba...